If you haven't started the college of winterhold questline he seems to gravitate towards the Hall of elements where you get your first training of a ward spell in the first "quest".
For some people if you are only partway through the college of winterhold questline he might be in Saarthal (sp?) as part of the questline he does state he's going to stay there until you do something the next step. So if you're at that point in the questline he's chilling down in Saarthal.
My personal situation is that I've completed every quest in the college of winterhold questline and I just want to bum some alteration training off him - but I can't find him *anywhere*. My general understanding is that the hall of countenance is where most of the teachers stay, and the hall of attainment is where most of the noobs (trainees) stay. I *did* notice that tolfdir had a tendency to actually hang out with the noobs instead of being in the hall of countenance. I've tried waiting for different times of the day and checking all the halls and the arcaneum - basically the entire dang campus and I can't find him. It's becoming really frustrating.
Is anyone else at the stage I'm at and having trouble finding him? Here is a person at my stage in another forum in the same situation I'm in. That guy simply can't be found! Very frustrating.
http://www.gamefaqs.com/boards/615803-the-elder-scrolls-v-skyrim/61119195
Help - anyone.