I got to Riverwood and talked to the guy in the shop about getting his claw back. I went ahead and got the claw, finished the quest at the mountain, and came back. I gave the dude the claw, went outside and walked to the inn. I was immediately attacked. Thinking it's cause I went in super late at night, I decided to wait 'til morning. Lo and behold, EVERYBODY in the town (except for the merchant) is now attacking me.
I don't know if this is a bug or not, but if anyone can tell me exactly what I did/didn't do, that would be awesome too.