As in using a Shield and Unarmed. A human race only (no Khajiit, no Argonian) and uses a round shield only,

Just so I got this right:

To get max Unarmed Damage, I need to get the Gloves of the Pugilist, disenchant them, then enchant them on some Heavy Armor gauntlets, which in turn has the Fists of Steel perk. But to make sure the Fortify Unarmed enchantment is at its strongest, I'll need to level up my Enchanting as well, correct? Anything else I should know? How high can Unarmed damage go? Any Standing Stones that could help me out (if not, the one where Heavy Armor does not slow me down is good)? Also, can I stack this enchantment by putting it on my gauntlets AND my ring?

And the perks I'll need/want:

Block - All
Heavy Armor - Captain America is more of a 'light armor' kind of guy, but to get Fists of Steel perk I need Heavy Armor. Perhaps just get 1 Juggernaut and 1 Fists of Steel, then just use Light Armor but with Heavy Armor gauntlets? OR just go all the way with Heavy Armor?
Smithing - With perks in Smithing, I can increase the armor rating of the worn gauntlets, thus increasing damage dealt with Fists of Steel, correct?
Enchanting - This will make my Fortify Unarmed stronger. I'll need Enchanter (+20% stronger enchantments per perk-up), Insightful Enchanter (Skill Enhancements are 25% stronger (or will that affect Unarmed?)), and I don't see a viable reason for Extra Effect.
Light Armor - Only need this if I'm not going to go full-out Heavy Armor. Otherwise, I don't need this.
Archery - Cap is known for his perception and ability to use any weapon he comes across. If I have spare perks, perhaps Archery is for me.

sounds good, I like the idea mixing up the heavy with light armors, but smithing your gauntlets does NOT increase damage! so I would suggest using the restoration potion exploit to in crease the damage through the enchantments which do stack on gauntlets and ring.

Also, archery will come in handy with the whole dragon thing.