It doesn't mean they have the key on them ~or that it's even in the building. Who knows what that chest is? Ultimately they are locked for gameplay purposes.
I have a safe that I don't know the combination to.
I hate when I'm low level and I break 4 lockpicks on an expert level lock and inside I find 2 lockpicks and some gold. I get so pissed off. "Why would you do that?! Who does that?!" It seems like a massive f-you to the thieve's guild.