i'm wondering me if skills counts self to get a higher ability or is the improvment only happen through the perks?

so i want to increase my magic restistance, it doesnt count if i increase the alternation skill, only the magic restistance perk (under alternation) increase my magic restiance? same with heavy armour or one handed?

i dont find any good stats view in Skyrim (only the active effects under the magic menue)

Generally special things like magic resistance require a perk. Increased skills will result in more damage, better armor rating, cheaper spells, etc., but the increase per skill level is very small compared to the various X% better/cheaper perks. The Skyrim sections over at uesp.net have formulas for stuff like damage, spell cost, etc..