And vampire atttacks seem to sort the problem too. By ambient conversations, I mean all of the pvssyr the NPCs exchange between one another (not the player). For reasons I'm not clear on, it's very easy for ambient conversations to enter a "stalled" state resulting in NPCs not saying a word to one another. In fact, I didn't even realize they were supposed to chat to one another until that incident with the Thieves guild.
But when it's working properly, you should hear these conversations pretty much everywhere you go. For example, my current character resides in Shor's Stone with Sylgia. This isn't the first time I've married off a character to Sylgia and chose to live in her home. But it is the first time I've heard anything but total silence amongst the miners residing there when they gather around the campfire every evening. Oldef (a Nord miner) will repeatedly complain that his orc roommate doesn't tidy up after himself. The orc insists that Redbelly mine is dry, much to the chagrin of the resident blacksmith who believes otherwise.
Such chit-chat should be heard in every settlement amongst NPCs. When it doesn't, it's been stalled somehow (and the effect is map-wide).