There are two kinds of Credit Cards, those that loan you the money and you pay it back, and those that are pre-paid that you give the bank the money up front, and they give you a card with that much of a limit on it.
Sounds like you want the latter, so go to the bank and ask for a Pre-Paid Credit Card. Note, if they want to give you anything less than the full amount of the cash you walk in with, then go to another bank.
You may also be able to buy a Visa Gift Card at a store, but I have never looked for those, so I don't know where to get one.