In ESO, I plan to be with my friend who wishes to be a dragon knight kahjit. I wish to be a sorc welf. We want to start together and play with each other throughout, but since he is another (but still in same faction) does that mean he will start in different provinces?

Nobody knows yet.

I believe it's been stated there is only one "starting town" per faction. Can't provide a link, but I thought that was common knowledge.

Everyone starts in the same area, there is no starting province for each race, just for each faction.

At least this is from all the interviews and hands-on I've read. So I'm not 100% positive, but I'm 99.9% sure I'm correct though.