You can formally join the brotherhood of steel. Most everyone else you're just tagging along, but...
Spoiler You officially become part of Mr. House's organization with his ending, and I think it's the same with Caesar's Legion, possibly NCR.
There's probably more minor factions you can get accepted into. With the Van Graffs, you basically become an employee (which is as far as it goes for a non-Van Graff family member).
[e] You also become a debt collector (bounty hunter) for the Garretts. And Francine says you can come back for more jobs from time to time.