It tells me to go onto Steam online and enter the code in order to obtain the download but does not detail anything about the game's platform. Perhaps the clerk gave me a card for the PC version rather than the PS3, are there differant cards for each system?
Yep, it sounds like the less than intelligent clerk gave you the wrong card.
PS3 card should make no mention of Steam. Suggest you take it back to the shop, explain that you purcahsed PS3 version (Show your receipt) and ask them to give you the correct one.