I think the NCR Veteran Ranger outfit is awesome and am looking for a similar coat/duster.
Though I'm not sure if it's called a jacket, duster or coat (being Dutch doesn't make it easier,
either) so I don't really know what search criteria would be best to find something similar.
Could anyone help me out? Thanks!

If you are talking about in game, the closest thing I can think of would be the http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Bounty_hunter_duster It looks kinda similar but the damage threshold is way lower.
The actually NCR veteran ranger armor doesn't appear until you reach certain point in the main quest. Then veteran rangers will spawn at the ranger outposts. Sadly, you will have to kill one for his armor if you want it. ( I don't know any other way than that. )

It would be a "duster" by the way. Just to clear that up :thumbsup:

Thanks for the info though I should have been more clear, I meant in real life

Then here's one place to find http://www.sheplers.com/mens/dusters/leather_outerwear/?source=Google_Outerwear_Duster&Creative=5237406345&Keyword=duster%20jacket&MatchType=Exact&gclid=CIiltrap3KUCFRBzgwod6zKv2Q in real life.