I bought Skyrim about 2 days ago and have enjoyed playing it. I decided to install a few mods, and this went well. I tried some other mods out (this was all done with the Nexus Mod Manager) and when I tried to play Skyrim (from Steam directly, and the shortcut) the launcher appears not showing anything such as play, data files, settings, and a windows error message comes up saying Skyrim Launcher has stopped working. Please help, I would appreciate it a lot. I have restarted my computer, and re-installed the game twice, verified the cache, defragmented the files, but nothing has worked. Yet again, please if anyone knows anything, please help.

First thing that comes to mind is...you installed something that requires something else!

SKSE
Script Dragon.

Try listing the mods you added...better yet, undo all mods. Get the game starting again.
Once the game is running Vanilla (default UNmoded game.) Add and check each and every MOD one at a time! Then you will know when it fails.(other option was always, take out half of your mods, try again if still crashing , remove the other half, still crashing...reinstall game.

Saw this a lot with Oblivion. You add 10 things and then don't know why its crashing. Most common was a missing Master. Wrye Bash is the Program everyone needs, but its a work in progress in Skyrim. I am using it & Used it extensively in Oblivion, FCOM ++250 mods!

EDIT: to add when you reinstall the game, are you deleting anything left in the Data folder and Skyrim folders? Skyrim cant uninstall something it didn't put there!