Oops, gotta proofread more. That's what I meant. Somewhere, someone started saying 'CTD's = Skyrim issue and Blue Screen's = OS/hardware'.
If hardware (CPU, chipset, memory, video card) is hitting a thermal threshold (for example) then you can very easily have CTD's. I used to overclock the snot out of my hardware and would regularly suffer from CTD's in Morrowind. I would fix them by turning the clocks (CPU, memory, video card) down to a stable level. Contrarily, if the program (Skyrim) has a severe memory leak, makes calls to non-accessible memory, or does one of a hundred other OS no-no's, you can have a Blue Screen easily.
Memory leaks (in user-mode applications) most certainly will not cause blue screens, but once there's no more memory to available to an application, it will often crash (either it has no checks against this and crashes trying to access memory at 0x00000000, or will 'gracefully' shutdown due to not being able to continue operating normally).
Making calls to non-accessible memory results in Windows raising an exception (0xC0000005 access violation) and nothing more (apps usually crash/are terminated (Unhandled Exception), because they're not programmed to handle it).
There should be nothing a user-mode application can do to cause blue screens, but they can trigger underlying issues (like bugs in drivers) that can cause blue screens or cpu resets (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_fault).
You should probably back up your facts. Please do point me if I'm wrong somewhere, I have no experience from programming kernel-mode stuff.
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2008/01/understanding-user-and-kernel-mode.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_protection_fault