No. You got exp towards your overall level in fallout. Here, you experience towards a specific level, say one handed, that contributes to your overall level.
It's based on a per hit basis. My difficult is novice, so it takes 2 hits to a kill a draugr, and thus only get exp for 2 hits. On master, it takes 10, so you get exp for 10 hits. Technically, the answer is yes, you get more exp for higher difficulty.