I was willing to think it was somehow hardware related, going to the lengths of removing the entire installation and reloading onto an SSD. I even bought a dedicated sound card, despite the onboard audio being more than able. I don't regret that, though. It improved the sound immensely.
I just took my mage to High Hrothgar for the initiation into the Greybeard's tests. After some considerable delay, the second word of the shout was revealed, but the following test failed utterly. I was supposed to attack summoned targets, but they never appeared, even when they (apparently) summoned a dozen. I'd shout at the space they should occupy, but, no! nothing. Only exiting Skyrim and reloading could I get one (1) target to appear. I had no trouble with this in offline mode.
The week I spent in offline mode was rocky at first, but I think it was the save files settling down. Eventually, all the audio delays and conjuring glitches went away. It was fun being able to actually play! There was the occasional glitch, like the familiar arrow-not-shot-when-I-loose-it thing, but I've gotten so good at expecting that that I use it to my advantage. I suspect it's the game AI trying to delay my shot in order to move the target out of harm's way and failing.
I don't know what parasitic effect Steam belabors Skyrim with, but I want it dead. Dead, dead, dead! I've tried disabling every possible online interaction, and it's still not enough. Today I decided to go "online" and at first all was well. But the longer I played, the worse it got. It eventually got right back to the point I described above in the first paragraph.
Going offline now for good. Useless, invasive software has no place on my PC.
