Is there any possible way for me to make atronachs stronger in the game? I like the way they look but they are useless later in the game. I've tried the Ck, couldn't find out how to edit conjuration spells. Any help would be much appreciated!

The Atronach creature is what needs to be edited, not the spell. Look again at the creature, and see if you can increase the damage value of its attacks.

I've tried that. Went to actors-leveled actors and found the atronach line made the changes i want but it doesn't seem to have an effect in-game.

From experience in MW CS, summoned creatures use unique editor IDs. See if there are any IDs with Summon in them. Those will be the ones that need tweaking. Perhaps they could be changed to level with the player?