You have to dis-enchant items first to learn an enchantment that you want to put on something. Then you should have enchantments show up on your list. I hope that helps.
Just be warned that disenchanting something will destroy it, so if you're hoping to use (or make heaps of gold from) an item you just found, wait until you find the same enchantment on an inferior weapon/armour piece.
Disenchant all enchanted stuff you find. You lose money? NO. It increases your enchantment skill and you can smith daggers and enchant them with petty or lesser soul gems. Good money:-)