Anyone know the number of Argonian NPC's in the game? 200+ hours and I only remember a handful. The one merchant in Riften, the Bee and Barb owners, the one working at the docks, and one I found at a dungeon.

There are more of them at the docks in Windhelm, they may be inside the house.

There aren't many unfortunately

Sadly there aren't many of them. It makes sense, but I would still like to see some more.

U missed the ones in solitude, 3 i think?

Few more scattered around
1 in the DB, 1 in Solitude who gives you a quest (and you meet his sister during the quest)
I presume you mean Deerkeethus by the 1 in the dungeon
Theres another outside a Nordic ruin Ironbind Barrow. He and his friend will explore it with you
Thats all the extra I can think of off the top of my head

http://elderscrolls.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Skyrim:_Argonians

can anybody explain the random NPC encounters that happen from time to time with the NPC being names simply the race that the NPC is IE Redguard, Argonian, Khajiit, Imperial, and why do they attack you?

I think that's exactly what it is, a random NPC encounter. They probably attack you because they're just evil bastads. You do find some that are not hostile however (sometimes even in taverns) but if you speak to them they are still complete bastads.

There's also the argonian Deep-In-His-Cups, an encounter you get after completing "A Night To Remember". He's bugged though as I've ran into him about five times. Gave him the full money on one occasion just because I had so much and wanted to see what he did.

They are common every day psychopaths, rather than one who makes a career out of it.

As you gain in level, they stop attacking immediately and instead start taunting you, at least some of them. I have noticed this passiveness with Orcs more than any other race, guess they are better at determining just how strong a foe is before fighting them.