Archery has it's own damage multipliers. First perk on the tree, with (I think) five levels. Plus you can upgrade your bows by smithing for more damage. Sneak attacks add multipliers too, of course
I had to bump the difficulty to master on my guy because by level 20 he was two-shotting trolls, with no smithing and no enchanting. Does that answer your question? ^^
I have no problem killing anything with my bow without sneak, though I do have some enchanted gear to boost my archery skill, as well as most perks in the archery skill tree