Is it just me, or did they take out the khajiit camp that was outside the walls of whiterun with 1.6?

They are traveling merchants, so in a few days time they may return there. They can found outside some cities, Dawnstar is where I find them alot.

Yeah, they wander about so you'll randomly meet them.

They've been gone for more than a couple of days in my game. 30+ (in game) if I had to guess.

They have been outside Whiterun for me after 1.6.

They do have a schedule, and if you load cells they are traveling through and get held up they can end up skipping a town to make their next schedule update.

Maybe they got killed?

One of the two times I've ever used beast form (not my thing, really), I met one of those caravans. They attacked me, and I had to kill them.
I felt so bad that I reloaded and skipped the transformation...

The player can kill them, but their AI makes them difficult to kill just by random road encounters.

Make sure you wait inside a different cell. Try going inside the nearby stable, waiting 24 hours (or a bit less if necessary; try to land between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM). Go outside, and if they're not there, go back inside the stable building and wait 24 hours. Repeat for as many as five or six days. If they still haven't shown up, it's definitely possible they've been killed. Or maybe they just haven't come by Whiterun for some other reason (maybe a scripting issue). Check other city stables, and also try near Labrynthian... I read in a loading screen tip once that Khajiit caravans sometimes go by there, even though it's more dangerous. for them.

Makes sense.

No they didn't they spend two days outside of each city. I have had playthroughs where they were there when I got to Whiterun or not there (either on their way to Markarth, at Markarth, or on their way back to Whiterun). I have even had playthroughs where they had just arrived upon exiting Whiterun for the first time after entering for the first time.

Is it possible that they could die from some random encounter?

Just curious, I once came around the corner on the road to Windhelm and they were up to their waists in the river evidently fighting something and I kinda wondered about it.

It'd break my heart to find one of them dead by the side of the road one day tbh, I like them a lot and always stop by for some trade and a chat if I see them.

Ditto.
Niamh has a little bit of a soft spot for Khajiit.