From what i know, what catagory an item is placed under is related to the keyword that tells what material type the item is (Iron, steel, glass, etc), so it may be possible. not sure how though.
It should be a simple matter of creating a Constructable Object (recipe) for a silver sword that is set up to use the CraftingSmithingForge workbench setting. Then supply the components required for it like any other weapon.
You'd just need to keep in mind that in the vanilla game there's no specific perk for silver smithing. It just assumes everyone knows how since Bethesda only intended for silver to be used for making jewelry.
EDIT: I see what you mean here. I wonder if that could be messed with in the UI itself?