These are the only enchantments followers can get any benefits from in the vanilla game:

• Fortify Health
  
• Fortify Health Regeneration—only works during recovery phase/out of combat
  
• Fortify Heavy Armor
  
• Fortify Light Armor
  
• Fortify Magicka
  
• Fortify Stamina
  
• Fortify Unarmed Damage
  
• Muffle
  
• Resist Fire
  
• Resist Frost
  
• Resist Magic
  
• Resist Poison
  
• Resist Shock
  
• Waterbreathing

Are there any mods that increase this list to things like archery, one/two-handed weapons, block, and carry weight enchantments? Beats me why they were left out of the vanilla game.