Enchanting, alchemy and smithing are in real time, except when you are on the enchanting 'name item' page. So as not to waste potions, it helps to activate the lab/altar/bench/grindstone, sort out what you want to do in a dummy run, and exit, then drink the potion and do it for real. You can smith a bunch of stuff, make a bunch of the same potions and maybe make a couple of different potions if you are quick, but reckon on one enchanted item per potion.
[Edit for my own stupidity after a long day at work: Of course there aren't fortify alchemy potions, but time limit is for fortify restoration shenanigans. Where is my mind?]