Even though npcs may hate other npcs due to their race, they tend to ignore the player's race entirely. It's funny sometimes. I had an altmer in Markarth explain to my wood elf what a wood elf was. Just today a redguard told my redguard character about her homeland as if I'd never heard of it. So no, npcs treat altmer pcs like nords, aside from some greetings when they'll call you "elf"
Yeah a few lines of dialogue changed to suit the different races would have been a huge benefit in my opinion.