As far as the game goes, if you leave Paarthunax alive after you get the "must kill" mandate from the Blades, I believe you can still get "find Word Wall X" quests from the greybeards.
If you kill him, you can continue getting random "dragon hunts with the blades" quests from Esbern, the temporary blessing from Esbern, and the quest that gives you the potion with a permanent perk (this appears to be bugged now, at least on 360) if you don't do it before the mandate.
I do stock up on unenchanted blades swords at Sky Haven Temple, though, so I like to help them up to the point they straighten up the place.