I'm also getting this problem as well, and after playing Skyrim for at least 15-20 hours I haven't had any problems up to this point. If I try to fast travel to Winterhold or try to walk within a certain range of Winterhold (I've tried this from two different directions), my game instantly crashes to desktop.
Going elsewhere and all over the place seems to work just fine, but it looks like Winterhold and its surrounding area is off limits for me...

What I have tried so far: I've tried the "Sound" fix (change Windows sound setting to 16-bit 44K), I've tried lowering graphics settings to Low, I've tried Verifying Cache Files in Steam, I've tried fast traveling to Winterhold and nearby areas at different times of day, I've tried running in Windowed mode, I've tried running in Administrator, and I've tried running in Compatibility with an earlier version of Windows.
I have the latest video driver for my ATI card and my OS was recently reformatted about a month ago, clean install.
Here are my system specs:
OS: Windows 7 (32-bit)
CPU: AMD Dual Core 3.2 Ghz
GPU: ATI Radeon HD 3870 TOP
RAM: 2 GB DDR2
Sound: Realtek (motherboard)
My game is the Steam digital version. It is completely vanilla. No mods, no changes, no cheats used.
I generally play the game on Medium with some tweaked settings.
Context of the crash (***MINOR SPOILER ALERT***):
Winterhold worked just fine for me for a long time and I had zero crashes until I obtained the Staff of Magnus in that Labyrinthian dungeon (however you spell it). Now any sort of travel to Winterhold will not work. This is part of the Mage's Guild line of quests. Since I can't get to Winterhold, I can't complete that line of quests. Like an earlier poster said, this is sorta bad since I'm a caster, too! My personal theory is that obtaining the Staff of Magnus has changed something in Winterhold for plot purposes, and for whatever reason my client thinks it is buggy or something like that.
/spoilers
Any help, comments, suggestions, or fixes from the devs would be much appreciated. Thanks for reading.