I've searched a bit and haven't found this specific bug mentioned so here goes.

Scenario:

I have two companions, Boone and ED-E. I was walking/climbing along side a hill and it must have been inaccessible to the companions because I turn around and they aren't following. Normally, I just continue on since they always find me by taking a different route. This time, instead of meeting up with me at a sprint they teleported into a mob of enemies that was behind a fence where I could not reach them to help. I needed to act quick if I needed to save them so I ran in the opposite direction as fast as possible to fast travel out of there.

After I loaded up at the new location, sure enough both companions were with me. But something was strange, they were looking in the direction of where they were previously engaged with the baddies and would not stop repeating their combat quotes. ED-E was playing battle music over and over and over. Boone was crouched with his machete out.

They would not even follow me until I had ran a considerable distance from them, but at that distance they didn't do their sprint run toward me. Instead Boone had his rifle out up to his face and was running at normal speed. Other NPC's would run away from them because they were considered to be in combat I would assume.

I tried quicksave, quickload. Save, exit out, and reopen. Telling them to wait, return to lucky 38, return home. Resurrecting through console. Nothing freed them of their constant "combat" status.

In the end I had to load an earlier save before all this jazz happened and everything was peachy again. Only lost like 10min of gameplay since I save often for this exact reason.

TLDR:
Companions in trouble, can't help them and they're about to die.
Fast travel trying to save their skins/metal.
Companions stuck in combat forever. Staring at the direction where they were previously engaged.