That isn't to say dragons aren't out there at all. You'd just have to look for them at Word Walls.
The reason I post this is also a sort of heads up. I find it a more convenient way to explore the world, while also proceeding with the Main Quest. The only other way to control dragon spawning is not finishing Bleak Falls Barrow at all. At least this way, you can sort of put a pause on the main quest, without totally avoiding it. At least it seems that way (it'll be funny if I after I write this, I get ambushed by some dragon

What I do is talk to Delphine, then reject her cloak and dagger nonsense, go back to High Hrothgar and learn my shots through Arngier locating Word Walls. This kind of satisifies me on a narrative level too.