Perhaps I've just been unfortunate, but whenever I've used Fury on an enemy the dude just gets angry with me instead of his buddy.
Any tips as to where I'd find a replacement for Uthgerd the Unbroken?
I have found this at times, but as long as your somewhat prepared with the spell ready, it's usually OK. I find backing off and allowing them to come closer together usually gets them fighting, as the effect is attack anything in sight, just make sure you get to a distance where your not the closest thing to the enemy you cast it on.
As for a follower, once you kill the first Dragon, you get a follower named Lydia, given to you by the Jarl of Whiterun, other than that, there's usually Mercs in taverns.