Obviously distance between enemy and myself isn't taken much into account. I had this happen on another character recently, only the enemy was a bounty hunter, and I had quite a few paces between us when the cinematic triggered; my character was bounced back a few feet in the cinematic and was killed by a finishing move, which was really cheap.
I've tried looking for information on enemy kill moves but I can only find mods to switch them off. No one explains how they work. Could you have, in theory, a tank with awesome enchantments in full daedric armour smithed to armour cap and still be victim to one of these finishing moves?