I trapped Odahviing and he is ready to fly me to Skuldafn. The thing is, after he took me there I got DESTROYED. I am level 16 and I had no idea it would be so difficult so I took almost no food and no potions. My question is, how long will he stay trapped so I can get supplies and can I do any side quests while he is trapped? Thanks.

if you wish you can leave him trapped there forever, just come back when you are stronger and he will be there

And he might appreciate another chance to chomp on Farengar in the meantime

Thanks!

Question is, why would you go there at level 16?

I like how of all the npcs that have died to dragons in my game, an NPC here died the worst, because Odahviing grabbed him and threw him off. I hope he was already dead before hitting the ground.

Most quests will wait indefinitely until you advance them. Near as I can figure, Skald and Aela have been waiting in the Underforge for my Imperial to show up for nearly a year now.

I kind of like the oppressive feeling the main quest gives you. It makes you feel like you are in the hurry and have to act quick, or the world will end. However, you can really wait for as long as you want, and the rest of the world will stand still and wait for you.