probably the best solution is to wait for 30 days, to make them spawn/respawn again.
Sigh.
At best, this would cause 'trash mobs' to respawn, nothing more. Quest-specific objects, NPCs and mobs have unique IDs and thus do not follow the same rules for respawning. This whole '30 day' nonsense is a misconception based on an Oblivion bugfix. It couldn't possibly effect word-walls, 'roosted' dragons etc.
Your other suggestion (earlier save, don't fast travel)
might bear fruit, depending on the actual cause of the bug. Ultimately, any Radiant quest (such as those given by stewards to kill 'X') is prone to bug out in this fashion, and the only foolproof solution is to reload a point before the quest was generated, or accept defeat and leave it there in your quest log forever.
(Answer based on several hundred hours using the TESCS)