I have 23 Iron Arrows (stolen) in my inventory. It freezes every time when I try to go quietly when all 23 are in my inventory. If I drop a single arrow, the game will no longer freeze when surrendering. So it seems that having EXACTLY 23 stolen Iron Arrows in your inventory causes issues. I don't know if having more would cause it. Being stolen shouldn't be causing the issue, as my stolen necklaces didn't trigger the freeze. Also, the arrow stack is pure stolen arrows, not like half stolen and half not.
So yeah, talk about obscure bugs! I've got a save where I'm standing in the temple with only the 23 Iron Arrows in my inventory if anybody wants me to upload it. Maybe it's some strange quirk with my system.
Edit: The save can be found here: http://www.mediafire.com/?xrdfa973n8v7ey4.