This bug also affects Sanguinare Vampiris. After the disease is caught it will never progress to full vampirism. In addition, if the player is made into a vampire through console commands the current stage of vampirism will not advance.
This bug persists even when all mods are removed, including on new games started with no mods running. Also, I run the game with a timescale of 8, although the new game I tested it on had the default timescale of 20 and it still persisted.
If anyone has encountered this bug or has an idea of what game setting controls the passing of time affecting spells effects, please let me know.
Here is my mod list:
Spoiler
00 Skyrim.esm01 Update.esm02 Dawnguard.esm03 breezehomeladderfix.esp04 breezehomelightingfix.esp05 unofficial skyrim patch.esp [Version 1.0]06 chesko_frostfall.esp07 sos - the dungeons.esp [Version 1.21]08 sos - the wilds.esp [Version 1.11]09 sos - civilization.esp [Version 1.00]0A Realistic Lighting.esp0B staticmeshimprovementmod.esp0C birds.esp0D chesko_wearablelantern.esp0E deeper snow.esp0F dD - Enhanced Blood Main.esp10 dragonsoulstoperks.esp11 enhanceddistantterrain.esp12 hqsnow.esp13 lush trees.esp14 morerain.esp15 vibrantauroras.esp16 Dr_Bandolier.esp17 buildablehouse.esp18 radiance.esp19 alternate sunglare.esp1A Better Dynamic Snow.esp1B lush grass and trees.esp1C dd-no spinning death animation.esp1D NonEssentialChilds.esp1E terrain bump.esp1F dd - realistic ragdoll force - realistic.esp20 DragonbornAscendant.esp21 BFSEffects.esp22 the dance of death.esp23 water.esp24 barenziahquestmarkers.esp25 Bashed Patch, 0.esp