Mostly NPCs from random encounters: The farmer on his way to join the army. The peddlers with the horse. A nameless Khajit caravan (but that was intentional, I think, the caravans with named NPCs always seem to able to defend themselves. Except that one time when I used Beast Form

). The Frightened Woman. Random bandits, necromancers, Thalmor/Imperial/Stormcloak patrols and so on.
I've seen M'aiq and Talsgeir the Wanderer under attack a couple of times, but they are essential, so... (M'aiq however doesn't know that, he cowers and runs even from - foxes.)
The only NPC in a town who ever got killed by a dragon in my game is Runil in Falkreath. But I had to reload that one, since I died myself... Never ever had an attack in Riverwood.