This being my second semester at a community college, I have not had any trouble incorporating my personal views into my papers as far as it affecting my grades. However, several of my friends have told me that once I transfer to a university, professors can ultimately fail students for conflicting views (political, religious etc.). Is there any truth to this rumor?
Yes, my views typically conflict with professors'. No, I can't elaborate.
Depends on the professor. Some are more open minded, some aren't, and some in-between. If you can write a convincing paper with valid arguments and sources, it'll pass. However, I have met professors who did grade based upon their personal view of a student, and not the content of the paper, and was widely despised by the student body as such. Hell, even the extremely scary organic chemistry professor who makes people cry on a daily basis knows how to teach and grade fairly. The former kind of professors? Nada.
In essence, it depends on the major and the classes you take. Found the professor in the sciences tend to be less bias with political things and the like, and only demanded good research. Then again, there was no politics in the chemistry, physics, and math courses.