Do you actually have Hearthfire installed? You downloaded it, but did it then install? You might need to go back and check your download and install it. Have you updated your game to the 1.8 version?
You would have to give some more info on the Proudspire, wife and 'Companion" problems, I assume by companion you meant a follower.
Maybe I don't.. How do I re-install it? Hmm, I don't know if I have updated it, I think I have. Well the Proudspire glitch is no problem really, because I will build my own house soon. But the my wife she just disappeared. Last time I saw her was in my house in Whiterun. I didn't move her, and she's not in Proudspire, Whiterun or in her own house. She isn't moving around in the city either. My companion disappeared as well, but I think I might know here she is. Its Frea from Skaal Village in Solstheim, and she says she will go back to her city to continue as a Shaman if I don't need her. So she might be there, I'll check. Now to the child adoption problem, If Hearthfire is downloaded but NOT installed that problem will be fixed. If not, I will post a comment here when I re-install the dlc.