Traits show up on the perks screen so this may work..
player.removeperk
You will need to know the ID of the trait it is you are trying to remove or it may be possible to enter the name.
EDIT: Found the IDs of all the traits on the wiki. http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Fallout%3A_New_Vegas_traits
So if you want to remove Heavy Handed you would type in:
player.removeperk 00135EC5
CONFIRMED - I spent a bunch of time experimenting with console commands the other night, on a dummy save game, and can confirm that this does work. Traits are effectively perks, so can be added and removed in the same fashion.