During mission 3 - house of pleasure, when I bring the audiograph from Crowley back to Slackjaw, and once he listens to it and Crowley dies in the end, Slackjaw attacks me seemingly without provocation. I made sure a couple times that I was not touching anything to possibly cause him to attack me, so I'm not sure if its because I did something earlier? But then I figured he would have attacked me before he accepted the audiograph, so now I have no idea why.

I appreciate any help, I searched everywhere I could for someone who had seen/solved this, but I didn't see anything about it. So please forgive me if I am missing something super obvious.

That happend to me on my first playthrough. I just ran to jack as fast as I could blinking several times. Eventually I was able to get through his scene before he tried to kill me again.

This occurs because the weepers are being released into the Distillery via the basemant holding cell OR, weepers from outside the distillery are coming into the distillery. This will make Slackjaw become aggressive.

This ONLY happens if Slackjaw is still near the entrance of the distillery. If he is under the stairs in the back room by the distillery unit, he will not attack. What you want to do in this instance, if you can, is to pick up Crowley's audiograph BEFORE ever talking to Slackjaw and having him ask you to find the audiograph. He will meet you in the basemant rather than the distillery entrance and won't ever attack.

Avoid letting the weepers out of their cage, or avoid luring them into the distillery, and the issue shouldn't occur regardless of what you do.

Thank you both! Appreciate it very much, I was definitely worried for a while I was gonna have to just skip that quest... Do I need to mark this closed/solved or anything?

This happened to me while I was in the caption/cutscene (not sure what to call it) where he was going to give me the key. I suspected that one of his men saw me, because I sneaked past him. I heard the sound like he saw something (assumed it was me). Nothing happened the 1st time, but the 2nd time I heard the sound, Slackjaw and his lackey both started attacking me before the cutscene finished. I did not acquire the key or the next part of that mission, I booked it out of there and when I came back I couldn't talk to Slackjaw. He was just inside the door and I could not pickpocket him or loot him. I haven't tried going back yet or reloading yet.