Here's the situation. I can not use Whirlwind Sprint shout. When I try to do that, thereis some strange voice appears that tells something like "you have a cheese instead of brains" or "troll food" (I have russian version, so translation may differ), and shout isn't working, just kind a blue splash appears. I don't have any disease in "Effects", and other shouts seems to work. So, what can it be?

Bump.

This sounds lulzy, and worthy of discussion.

Could you have offended a certain daedric prince?

Sounds like something i would do if i where he, but he is i and i is NOT me.

Sounds like Sheogorath is mad (lol) at you.

The funniest thing is that it appeared just before I came to Ustengrav and three stones puzzle. As you know, you can not pass through it without this shout. I've loaded previous save, before Ustengrav - there was already this "feature". But another save, which I did in Ustengrav was ok and this did not happen, but appeared after.

er... looks like you're using the throw voice shout instead of the whirlwind sprint

Here, I made a short video (russian language, remember ) just to see what happens:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6-wE9TgD1U

yep, that's the throw voice shout

Epic fail. You're right.