Most two handed swords actually weren't any faster than two handed axes (they were generally both 0.7). Not sure if this was intended or not.
I made a mod for my own use that overhauls weapon speeds, including speeding up two handed weapons a bit. After seeing this topic I decided I'd go ahead and upload it to the Nexus. You can find it http://skyrimnexus.com/downloads/file.php?id=5172.
Please give me feedback, as I've just been using it for myself and it may or may not be very balanced, might contain bugs, etc.
I have been porting my Oblivion weapons into Skyrim. All of the models are based on real weapons. Once the CK comes out I am going to incorporate them into the game. I try to give each weapon advantages and disadvantages in terms of damage, reach and speed. I take into account size, use (cut, thrust, both?), and quality. The result is lots of steel swords with different looks and characteristics. Mixes things up a bit.
I give thrust swords a speed and reach advantage. I view thrust as a faster form of attack than cut. I take away some damage. I have relatively few thrust swords in my inventory - maybe the type XV.
Slice swords follow much the same patter as thrust swords but for a different reason. These swords are swung, but they tend to be lighter curved swords. I have Tulwar and Shamshir in this category. If I had a Katana it would be here too.
Cut swords tend to maximize damage but lose speed and reach. They are often not much different than an axe. In this category I have the Xyphos, Kopis, Khopesh, Falchion, Cutlass, Seax in this category.
Cut and thrust swords fall somewhere on the spectrum. Here I have the types X, XI, XII, XIII, Shiavona, Gladius, and a bastard sword.
That's my reasoning and I'm sticking to it ... unless somebody can convince me that I'm wrong

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