Many modern deities “ascend” to heaven in some way or another after accomplishing great tasks in the mortal world. What the Thalmor are trying to do is a complete and forceful eradication of a religion with no regard (well, some part of it was to create discord) for the consequences.
Problem is, many people believe in or believed in Talos, and the Thalmor ended up fighting a religious war. I thought that this would be exactly what would happen if someone tried to force a gigantic overhaul of religion without thought in real life. They, like the Imperials, or rather, the Thalmor, would be portrayed as ruthless, heartless people who are out to cause chaos and subvert the way of life. And the defenders of Talos as the stout, stalwart defenders of tradition.
I also take note that the Nords on Ulfric’s side are portrayed as barbarians without finesse.They are portrayed as dumb and poor, holding on to traditions long past when money had already literally and metaphorically ascended to godhood status. That’s the whole Battle-born and Grey-mane fight in a nutshell.
It kind of highlights the main point of the war: The whole war is meaningless. Both sides cannot claim any legitimacy or righteousness since everyone has blood on their hands and a kind of equal claim to things.
So really, whether you believe in Talos or not, the real enemy is bigotry and arrogance, as personified by the Thalmor in Skyrim. It is later revealed that they are the people who are running the entire show and keeping the war alive.
There is also bigotry in the normal citizens as well. Hardly will you ever see a single person in Skyrim without a very strong opinion for one side or the other. I have yet to hear a fair and balanced though about the war from a single NPC.
Funnily enough, the Thalmor are not atheists, in the sense of the word in real life, but are atheists for Talos. They believe in the eight Divines but do not believe in Talos. It reminds me of a funny T-Shirt I saw that had the words “Atheists for Jesus” printed on it.
It’s eerie how real life and a video game coincide. I wonder if the developers intended us to think about the Civil War this way. Then again, on the light side of things, the benefit of belief is quite substantial in Skyrim, 20% reduction to shout cool down is no joke for the Dragonborn. I also realize that I’m talking like Heimskarr if he wasn’t so obviously biased and one-sided.