I have been playing Skyrim for about 10 hours now, and I have been hit with two annoying bugs and one enormously aggravating bug. The first bug is the fact that I have a quest called "In My Time of Need", which tasks me with finding the Redguard woman the Alik'r are looking for. I selected it in my quest log and went to show on map, which doesn't work. There is no quest marker for even people to talk to, and Clarivoyance doesn't show me anything, saying "No Active Quest". Second bug is as follows: The quest "Arniel's Endeavor" is not broken, however, the game is giving me a quest marker that is on Arniel, despite me not having collected the cogs yet. I have done nothing for the quest, but it is sending me back to Arniel. Now the biggest issue ---> It seems as though the entire quest line for the Companions is broken. I myself have the following problem. I finished "Take Up Arms", and Farkas gave me the quest. However, once I checked my quest log, it wasn't there. It didn't show up in the quest log. I talked with EVERYONE in the building, but the general theme was "You already have a job." Farkas himself said "I have already given you a task", or something along those lines. I can't do the quest, despite talking to both Mikael and Erindir in the Drunken Huntsman and the Bannered Mare, and trying to punch them out. I cannot do anything, it's utterly broken. I want to be a werewolf, and as far as I know this is the only was to do so. The fact that this is broken is a MAJOR issue, and essentially phases out a LARGE amount of content for me, which is endlessly frustrating. I have seen several other people with issues on different quests in this same story line, and it seems as though everything after Take Up Arms has something that might be broken in the quest. The chances of having this line break are ridiculously high, as in too many people are having issues with it. Please fix this, I want to play this quest line!

The "in my time of need" quest is not bugged. You are suppose to search the city and find a redguard female. If you want to skip the searching, use google, and it will tell you where she is hiding.

actually "in my time of need" isn't broken or glitched. just look around whiterun for redguard women. look inside buildings. the whole point is that the alik warriors don't know where she is so why would you?
as far as the issues with the companions i haven't experienced it. try clearing your hdd cache. it's the usual fix for quest bugs for bethesda games on the 360.

Many of the clairvoyance or quest marker directions are broken.

Sometimes when youre on the world map, and your goal is within a cell, there will be no marker and clairvoyance will show 'no active quest'.

Often clairvoyance will direct you into a floor, wall or cliff- face.