Has anyone ever done this? I used to do it all the time in Morrowind but stopped after Oblivion came out as all the dungeons would reset and I'd lose everything. I thought the same thing about Skyrim but apparently there's http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Category:Skyrim-Places-Safe and are thus safe for storage. Among those is Yngol Barrow which I recently cleared out so I tested it and sure enough none of the containers in there will respawn. Granted it's not the most luxurious of accommodations but it seems like a decent place to dump my junk when I can't afford a proper house.
Also one thing I discovered a while back is that if you just drop stuff on the ground they won't ever go away so basically if you really had to you could just find a secluded place and dump all your stuff on the ground and it'd be fine. I say secluded because you don't want Joe NPC walking over and asking if he could have that sword you just dropped.