I don't think that you will get a yes to any of those questions sorry bud, I think some of the lore lovers will be able give you some reasons why
You do realize this is before Skyrim's time, right?
I dunno if you'll be able to play as a Tounge, but there might be some Thu'um using Nords.
Apparently not.
Word is definitely no.
If there are, they're hiding really well. They came up in one of the Q&As, and they're essentially legend at the time of ESO.
From Ask Us Anything 4:
Ah, well there you go OP.
Also, http://images.wikia.com/elderscrolls/images/4/4b/Fishy_stick.png.
INB4 the trolling.. Somebody wants Skyrim Online.
This game takes place.. what 600+ years before Skyrim happens? Tiber Septim was one of the few dragonborns known, and even he wasn't born yet. Paarthurnax certainly existed though, and who knows what excuse they could come up with to have thum speaking people at the throat of the world. I wouldn't expect the thum to be common at all, so don't get your hopes up.
I don't know them all but I know that Jorunn (leader of the Ebonheart Pact) can use the Thu'um I believe.
ZOS has already stated somewhere that there are no dragonborn in the ESO time-period, sorry.
Unless the Dragonborn went through another time wound, one that took him back roughly 1000 years, not likely.
Although there are thu'um users. The grey beards are still around. They used a shout to summon Wulfharth. Read Jorrun's tale.