Specifically

Tolfdiers alembic
Potemas skull
Habds remains
the focusing crystal
the dragonstone
Jagged crown
Jeweled amulet (amulet of the elder council)
focusing gloves
an unenchanted strange amulet
the curious silver mold
and the crown of barenziah

I play on ps3 so no i cant use console commands

I've had Tolfdir lose his alembic more than once. Otherwise, console is the only way. Don't know about the PS3, but you can send 360 saves to the PC via some Modio sorcery, and then send it back. If you really want to, that option's probably open.

I'm assuming since you are on console that you didn't drop/sell/lose these items from your inventory somehow, but rather delivered them to the appropriate recipients to complete the relevant quests?

If so then I am going to say that no, you can't get them back unless you gave them to an NPC who then carries them in his/her inventory and you can somehow pickpocket them back.