don't think so
just upgraded my skyforge steel waraxe to exquisite without getting any new perks
didn't even know it worked like this untill I tried upgrading some other stuff and noticed it was white in the list
I don't know how the Skyforge affects things in terms of weapons quality, though. That might be a factor. I think the perks do affect your ability to upgrade, though, because I've noticed I can improve Steel more than I can improve Iron - and I have the perk for Steel smithing, while there is no corresponding perk for Iron smithing.
I'll have to check it out, though, to see if things are working according to the numbers.