Is there a trick to getting in to Skyrim to test the mod, back to the construction set to perform the tweak and back again to see the result faster than what I'm dealing with?

If there isn't a trick that I've missed, perhaps my work flow needs to be a bit longer than what it currently is so I can implement two or three things at a time and test all three before making tweaks, fixes.

Not sure what you are doing just now, but the quickest way is -

1. Save your mod and keep the CK open
2. Start the launcher with only your mod enabled and click Play
3. On the skyrim load screen, open the console and type coc yourcellname
4. Run around your cell and see what needs fixed
5. Quit game
6. Make edits in your cell
7. Goto step 1

You cannot edit and save while the game is open because the .esp file is being used by the game.

[Edit]
Possibly another way is moving the coc marker around in the CK as well, so you don't have to run around to see your edits.

Deleting the file from the skyrim\Data\Video folder can save a few extra seconds each time. Other than that, upgrading to enough RAM to run both at the same time and a SSD to improve load times is all you can do. I have 4GB ram and upgrading to a SSD cut my skyrim load time whilst the CK is open by about 75%. If I have my last save where I want to be testing for a quick load I'm in game in about 20 seconds or so depending on where is loaded, which isn't too bad.

Edit: Also, you don't need to close all windows and save if you are making edits to a script when editing a scripts source. Just hit save in the script window to recompile the script, and the esp remains unchanged and does not need to be saved.

Be happy that your mod is an esp.

I have to save my esp, copy it, rename it, move it back, load it in the CK, save it, run ingame and test, and load the esp back in the CK. It takes about 20 minutes not counting the time spent ingame.

If you're working with an esp then you simply run the game whenever you want to test. Quick and easy, nothing else needed.