So many people do not realise that Europe is in fact the best placed entity for commercial space enterprise. America's problem is that is stuck with rocket technology and despite this, it is continuing to push ahead with it. China is just lightyears behind anyway. Russia needs to do a lot of work but has an option to team up with Europe.
Europe is looking towards using runways and spaceplanes, and are by far the technology leaders in that respect. They expect the first spaceplanes to be in manufacture before 2020 by a British company called Reaction Engines, then there is another European company - this time from Germany - who will likely follow just a few years later. America doesn't even have a spaceplane company and NASA doesn't have any research on the concept, the US is estimated to be at least 25 years behind Europe in this regard and they are only realistic competitor... if you can call them that.
These spaceplanes are going to render the rockets obscelete due to cost and maintenance issues that are inherent with the design of them, and the two stage planes like Virgin Galactic's Spaceship Two are too small and fuel inefficient to do anything more than carry a dozen passengers, cargo is all but out of the question. So with the first generation engines of Europe's spaceplanes we can expect a 12 tonne cargo capacity, a 30+ passenger capacity and a minimum of seven days operation with a human presence on board... which is Shuttle terroritory.
Imagine the second generation engines, they would very likely carry double the weight due to the massive increase in fuel efficiency from what is a brand new type of engine... the RamJet/Rocket hybrid. This is what the other nations do not have, and Europe will not allow it to be used by America and China if they get all rowdy with each other. It helps Europe that this technology works from take off/landings from Europe itself, although going from the equator is more efficient even for these spaceplanes they don't have to. And anyway, Europe has the best access to Equatorial spaceports, France is the owner of the island where Ariane 5 is launched from... right on the Equator itself.
There won't be a war, trade won't allow it. It is not so much Europe not allowing war between USA and China over space mining... it is Europe literally leveraging it's huge advantage is the trade and transportation needed for space mining and they will never sell the technology.
This is just completely untrue. Not the part about the Europeans having some very advanced space engines, they do. Very advanced. But the opinion that the united states doesn't (and let's not forget Japan, who also has a very capable space agency).
The US has VASIMR, which could be in effect in 10 years or less as a space tug. It's only capable of operating in Space, but it's exceptionally effecient when doing so. If you are going to be mining asteroids, the VASIMR concept is marvelous. But the US is also exploring RAMjet and SCRAMjets, and is a leader in Ion Propulsion (
Dawn Mission).
Thus, saying that the US "only has rockets" is not true at all. Even if it were, rockets are very useful. At some stage in deployment, even the most advanced single-stage-to-orbit Spaceplane concepts (there are no working models yet) need a rocket thruster. The only current systems that could feasibly deliver a payload to LEO that don't involve rockets at some stage are Mass Drivers which are years behind in capability, or momentum displacement systems like an http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevatoror http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_fountain.
I'm not saying the US is the most capable country in the world right now when it comes to space exploration. They may very well have lost that position to Russia or ESA. However, NASA and the US are still
very capable. Plus, NASA is doing everything it can to get private US companies into space, and doing it well.
I've been watching the SKYLON project very closely. While it is fascinating, it's still a long way from construction. I don't see any way they could get those into production by 2020. They have yet to even prove that their engine concept will work. Besides that, it's a veriation on the SCRAMjet and many countries and companies are working on their own versions. This includes the US, who got one to http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12075-scramjet-hits-mach-10-over-australia-.html. (Joint venture with AUS)