Delphine believed that the Thalmor might have something to do with the return of the dragons, that's why you're sent in there.
That the wood elf contact guy gets captured at some point of the mission is scripted, but there it's possible to save him and escaping with him.
If you manage to save him, he'll be at Windhelm at the Gray Quarters, providing another quest for you.
what happens to him for me ? He's dead not sure when he died probably some time between the point of when people knew that a spy run running about and my blasting everything with ice wall and thunder bolt tho I know wasn't me that killed him because his body was at the top of the stairs not in the room with the prisoner where the slaughter took place
is the guy in the cage important ? I freed him and my last save was above a ledge where some beast is growling below I haven't heard the roar of a dragon in a while and I'm hoping thats not what is below me ...